| Mathematical Constants | |||
|---|---|---|---|
 |
3.141592653589793 | ||
| e | 2.718281828459045 | ||
| Physical Constants | |||
| Speed of light (c) | 299,792,458 | m/s | |
| Constant of gravitation (G) | 6.67259×10-11 | N-m2/kg2 | |
| Universal gas constant (R) | 8,314.510 | N-m/kmol-K | |
| Stefan-Boltzmann constant (s) | 5.6704×10-8 | W/m2-K4 | |
| Acceleration of gravity (g) | 9.80665 | m/s2 | |
| Standard atmosphere, sea level | 101,325 | Pa | |
| Astronomical Constants | |||
| Astronomical unit (AU) | 149,597,870 | km | |
| Light year (ly) | 9.460530×1012 | km | |
| Parsec (pc) | 3.261633 | ly | |
| Sidereal year | 365.256366 | days | |
| Mass of Sun | 1.9891×1030 | kg | |
| Radius of Sun | 696,000 | km | |
| Mass of Earth | 5.9737×1024 | kg | |
| Equatorial radius of Earth | 6,378.137 | km | |
| Earth oblateness | 1/298.257 | ||
| Obliquity of the ecliptic, epoch 2000 | 23.4392911 | degrees | |
| Mean lunar distance | 384,403 | km | |
| Radius of Moon | 1,738 | km | |
| Mass of Moon | 7.348×1022 | kg | |
| Luminosity of Sun | 3.839×1026 | W | |
| Solar constant, at 1 AU | 1,366 | W/m2 | |
| Solar maxima | 1990 + 11n | (date) | |
| Spaceflight Constants | |||
| GM (Sun) | 1.32712438×1020 | m3/s2 | |
| GM (Earth) | 3.986005×1014 | m3/s2 | |
| GM (Moon) | 4.902794×1012 | m3/s2 | |
| GM (Mars) | 4.282831×1013 | m3/s2 | |
| J2 (Earth) | 0.00108263 | ||
| J2 (Moon) | 0.0002027 | ||
| J2 (Mars) | 0.00196045 | ||
| Planet Data | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Equatorial Radius (km) |
Mass (1024 kg) |
Surface Gravity (m/s2) |
GM (1015 m3/s2) |
Semimajor Axis (106 km) |
Eccentricity | Orbit Inclination (degrees) |
Sidereal Period (days) |
Sidereal Rotation Period (hours) |
| Mercury | 2,439.7 | 0.3302 | 3.70 | 0.02203 | 57.91 | 0.2056 | 7.00 | 87.960 | 1,407.6 |
| Venus | 6,051.8 | 4.8685 | 8.87 | 0.3249 | 108.21 | 0.0067 | 3.39 | 224.701 | -5,832.5 |
| Earth | 6,378.1 | 5.9742 | 9.80 | 0.3986 | 149.60 | 0.0167 | 0.000 | 365.256 | 23.9345 |
| Mars | 3,397.0 | 0.64185 | 3.71 | 0.04283 | 227.92 | 0.0935 | 1.850 | 686.980 | 24.6229 |
| Jupiter | 71,492 | 1,898.6 | 24.79 | 126.686 | 778.57 | 0.0489 | 1.304 | 4,332.59 | 9.9250 |
| Saturn | 60,268 | 568.46 | 10.44 | 37.931 | 1,433.53 | 0.0565 | 2.485 | 10,759.2 | 10.656 |
| Uranus | 25,559 | 86.832 | 8.87 | 5.794 | 2,872.46 | 0.0457 | 0.772 | 30,685.4 | -17.24 |
| Neptune | 24,764 | 102.43 | 11.15 | 6.835 | 4,495.06 | 0.0113 | 1.769 | 60,189 | 16.11 |
| Pluto | 1,195 | 0.0125 | 0.58 | 0.00083 | 5,869.66 | 0.2444 | 17.16 | 90,465 | -153.29 |